詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

孫中山「化兵為工」思想之研究

題名(英)

A Study on Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Ideology of Converting Soldiers into Workers

作者

許世宗

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2657

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2018/05/16

卷期

第24期

頁次

p.59-84

關鍵詞

孫中山 、 精兵政策 、 化兵為工 、 實業建設

關鍵詞(英)

Dr. Sun Yat-sen 、 army streamlining 、 converting soldiers into workers 、 industrial construction

全文內容

　　民國剛成立，各地割據軍閥獨裁專制，擁兵擴軍，戰爭不斷，嚴重損及國計民生，造成社會百業蕭條，民生凋敝。原因在於國家將很大一部分的國民經濟力量用於非生產性的軍隊人事費用上，自然削弱了國家經濟的競爭力。孫中山為終止紛亂的國家情事，力求和平統一、實業建設及國防軍事實力現代化。他提出與「井田制」、「寓兵於農」思維類似的「化兵為工」思想及作法，企圖挽回全國各界對國民政府的信任，以及達精兵政策和經濟建設等。
　　「化兵為工」思想並非將遭裁兵之軍事人員，使其閒置或棄之不用，而是將國防部門釋出的廣大人力資源，有效地用於增加民用投資、民用勞動力供給等。用這種作法意在將具備軍事專長的人力，安置在農、工、商各界，促進各行各業的發展。足見其構想，在人力運用效益上，就是要「國防與民生合一」，達到「寓軍備於實業」、「寓戰力於實力」的目的。

全文內容

　　When the Republic of China was just founded, it was a time when numerous warlords were reinforcing their military forces and wars were constantly breaking out. As a consequence, serious loss was brought to people's livelihood and all businesses suffered economic recession. The main cause was that non-productive military personnel costs accounted for a large proportion of the national revenues, thus in turn weakening national competitiveness. To put an end to the country's chaos, Dr. Sun Yat-sen strived to achieve peaceful reunification, industrial construction, and the modernization of national defense. He thereby put forward the ideology and practice of "Converting Soldiers into Workers", which was similar to the "Square-Fields System" and "Soldiers Working as Farmers”, in an attempt to restore people’s confidence in the government, and to make army streamlining and industrial construction a reality.
　　The concept of army streamlining is not intended to render discharged army personnel idle or useless. Instead, it is to utilize the great human resources released by the national defense sectors to increase the supply of labor and investment for the civilian industries. That is, those with military expertise may fit into the agricultural, industrial, and commercial industries effectively so as to promote the development of all trades. It can thus be clearly seen that in terms of manpower efficiency, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's ideology can integrate national defense into people’s livelihood and achieve the ultimate ends of developing armaments through industry and enhancing military strength with civilian power.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：西元2017年6月11日；接受刊登日：西元2018年5月2日。