本館出版品

監察院執行陽光四法之探討(以2011年-2013年的實施經驗為例)

An exploration of the four Sunshine Acts implemented by the Control Yuan(using the implementation between 2011-2013 as an example)

孫學研究

1996-2657

半年刊

2018/11/12

第25期

P.1-36

依照相關法律規定，陽光四法的部分規範由監察院執行；因此，關於監察院如何執行陽光四法的議題，就值得學術界予以關心；於此篇文章中，筆者先簡述陽光四法之沿革。所謂的陽光四法指的是：《公職人員財產申報法》、《公職人員利益衝突迴避法》、《政治獻金法》、《遊說法》等四法。
其次，陽光四法等陽光法案有無瑕疵，是否需要修正？就前述問題來說，監察院執行陽光四法的經驗也許可以提供一些建議。監察院提出之修法意見大致可以分為三類：首先，是針對得以適用之「違法主體」的增加或是修減；再者，是針對「違法態樣」之修訂；第三，是針對「違法效果」的修訂。統括來說，監察院修法的建議，大多是近年來實務執行上面臨到的問題、以及對於立法闕失所做的補充。
此外，這篇文章還探討了兩個案例，一個關涉到政治獻金法，一個關涉到利益迴避法。
最後，這篇文章論述了監察院執行陽光四法時所面對的問題，這些問題包括法規主管機關與執行機關不同的問題、陽光法案違法案件之處理機制問題、公職人員刑事責任移送職權的歸屬問題等。這篇文章同時探討了監察院執行陽光四法引發的憲政體制爭議以及監察院做為陽光四法之執行機關是否違憲？就此而言，文章認為，監察院執行陽光四法的結果，雖已確實調整了五權體制的架構，但其實施目的在於促進政府廉能政治、健全民主法治，與監察院的憲法功能可以相輔相成；所以文章認為，監察院執行陽光四法之職權，並無違憲之虞。

According to relevant laws and regulations, the regulations of the four Sunshine Acts are partially implemented by the Control Yuan. Consequently, the issue of the Control Yuan’s method of implementation of the four Sunshine Acts Yuan is worth investigating by the academia. In this paper, the author will first summarize the development of the four Sunshine Acts. The four Sunshine Acts refer to: the “Act on Property-Declaration by Public Servants”, “Act on Recusal of Public Servants Due to Conflicts of Interest”, “Political Donations Act”, and “Lobbying Act”.
Secondly, are there any flaws in the four Sunshine Acts and do they require amendments? With regard to the aforementioned problem, the Control Yuan may be able to draw on their experience in implementing the four Sunshine Acts and provide some suggestions. The amendments proposed by the Control Yuan can be broadly divided into three categories: One, the addition or removal of “illegal subjects”; two, the amendment of “illegal patterns”; and three, the amendment of “illegal effects”. In general, the majority of the suggestions for amendments by the Control Yuan are recent issues that were encountered in implementation and addendums for legislative deficiencies.
This paper also explores two cases, one which involves the Political Donations Act and the other which involves the Act on Recusal of Public Servants Due to Conflicts of Interest.
Lastly, this paper will summarize the problems encountered by the Control Yuan in the implementation of the four Sunshine Acts. These problems involve various issues of the regulatory authority and enforcing authority, problems with the processing mechanism for cases dealing with violation of the Sunshine Acts, the issue of attribution of transfer authority for criminal responsibility of civil servants, etc. This paper also explores the dispute on constitutional organization which was triggered by the implementation of the four Sunshine Acts by the Control Yuan, as well as whether or not the role of the Control Yuan as the enforcing authority of the four Sunshine Acts violates the Constitution. Regarding this point, this paper believes that with regard to the result of the implementation of the four Sunshine Acts by the Control Yuan, although the structure of the five power organization was adjusted, the objective of the implementation lay in the promotion of uncorrupt and efficient politics in the government and the establishment of sound democratic law, which could be used to complement the constitutional function of the Control Yuan. Therefore, this paper asserts that the Control Yuan’s authority to implement the four Sunshine Acts does not violate the constitution.

國立國父紀念館

臺北市

投稿日：西元2018年3月29日；接受刊登日：西元2018年11月1日。