詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

孫中山大亞洲主義的精神與時代意義

題名(英)

Spirit and Significance of Sun Yat-Sen’s Greater Pan-Asianism

作者

劉阿榮

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2015/11/12

卷期

第19期

頁次

p.093-115

關鍵詞

孫中山 、 大亞洲主義 、 東西方文化 、 國際關係

關鍵詞(英)

Sun Yat-Sen 、 Greater Pan-Asianism 、 Eastern and Western Culture 、 International Relation

全文內容

　　孫中山的革命歲月中，除了結合同志、喚起民眾之外，非常重視外交上的努力，因為清末列強的勢力，影響著中國的生存與發展。在他晚（1924）年北上途經日本神戶，演講〈大亞洲主義〉，即是關於外交與國際關係的重要談話。以往論述〈大亞洲主義〉的內涵及精神，主要著重於兩個面向：一、是國際關係的互動，尤其中、日兩國在亞太秩序乃至世界和平的角色；二、是東西文化本質問題：孫中山提出東方文化是「王道文化」，講「仁義道德」；而西方文化是「霸道文化」，講功利強權。孫中山勸告日本要做「東方王道文化的干城，不要做西方霸道文化的鷹犬」，中日兩國相互提攜，共存共榮，共同拒斥西方列強霸道文化的侵凌。
　　關於孫中山北上何以捨近求遠取道（繞道）日本神戶？一般看法是因從上海赴天津無適當之船期，且他將順道訪日本故交舊雨，才臨時決定繞道日本的。然而事實上並非如此，本文從晚近看到的相關資料，包括孫中山全集、當年陪孫中山北上的〈宋慶齡書信〉，美國學者、日本學者及其他重要學者的著作，綜合探討，分別就（一）孫中山的意圖與（二）日本的情況，兩個方面去分析；進而對於大亞洲主義與區域組合之主張加以比觀。最後從孫中山大亞洲主義的觀點，延伸到當代的國際與亞太關係，做綜合性的思考，以探索其時代意義。

全文內容

　　In his revolutionary days, Sun Yat-Sen gathered like-minded colleagues, mobilized the public, as well as placed great emphasis on pursuing foreign policy. His active advocacy of foreign policy was impelled by the impact of foreign power on the survival and development of China at the end of the Qing dynasty. Among those he advocated was the “Greater Pan-Asianism” ideology or the promotion of Asian solidarity. The context and spirit of the Pan-Asianism discourse was illustrated in his speech delivered in Kobe, Japan; the speech mainly focused on two dimensions. The first involved the state of affairs in international relations, especially the role of China and Japan in Asia-Pacific regional order and world order in general. The second discussed the differences and conflict between Eastern and Western civilizations. Sun Yat-Sen saw Eastern civilization as a “culture of the rule of Right or the Kingly Way” emphasizing “benevolence, justice, and morality.” At the same time, he considered Western civilization as a “culture of the rule of Might” that emphasized materialism and force. Sun Yat-sen then advised Japan to become “the fortress of the Eastern culture of the Kingly way” and not a “supporter of the Western culture of the rule of Might.” He believed that China and Japan should help each other as well as co-exist and share in their prosperity. He stated that both countries should reject the encroachment and bullying of the hegemonic culture of Western influences.
　　The common belief on the reasons for Sun Yat-Sen’s last-minute decision to take a longer route from Shanghai to Tianjin via a detour through Kobe in Japan was attributed to the lack of direct sailing trip and the opportunity to visit old friends in Japan. However, this article’s analysis disproved this belief. To perform a comprehensive exploration and analysis of Sun Yat-Sen’s intentions as well as the situations in Japan at the time, it used recent relevant information indicated in the book The Collected Works of Sun Yat-Sen; the letters of Soong Ching-Ling, who accompanied Sun Yat-Sen during his trip up north; and works of American, Japanese, and other important scholars. This article allowed for comparison of the ideas of Pan-Asianism and regional groupings. The article also reviewed the viewpoints of Sun Yat-Sen’s Pan-Asianism in relation to its significance in contemporary international and Asia-Pacific relations.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：西元2015年3月25日；接受刊登日：西元2015年10月30日。