論孫學之體系、性質及其當代意義

學習筆記勘誤意見

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題名(英): On the system of "Sunology": its Essence and Contemporary Significance

關鍵詞(英): The tradition of Tao 、 subjectivity 、 national development 、 The World of Great Harmony

全文內容: 　　孫文先生的學說，乃為中國之富強而作，他曾自稱其學說為「革命學」；就其內容性質而言，頗類傳統之子書，而若較之西學，則略同於今日學界所謂「國家發展之學」。
　　孫先生以他中西學的背景，掌握了歐美文明發展的局勢，透視了中國長久以來的問題與當時困境，以科學務實的態度，規撫歐、美學說事蹟與制度，借鑑西方文明，而提出了整套解決中國問題的理論與方略。
　　他主張學習西方民族國家的結構，轉化傳統王朝體制成為現代意義的國家，使中國能夠適存於世界；而面對中國多元族群的現實，他要求建立國族。同時他認為應借鑑西方憲政體制，使中國能免於治亂相尋；並採權能區分的原則，建構可以被監督的萬能政府。民生經濟方面，則主張借用外資、外才、外法，以促進實業之發展，並兼採社會主義之方法，預防不均，以溥利民生，實踐歷代聖賢對民生的關懷。此其中，他又特別強調主體的立場，希望中國強大之後，中國仍然是中國，中國人仍然是中國人。
　　今日孫學之研究，其實就是：認識中國、自我追尋以及發展自我的過程，使國人在面對全球化、後現代之處境時知道選擇合理的因應方略。

全文內容: 　　As the founder of modern China, Dr. Sun Yet-Sen once named his doctrines as 'revolution theory', in the sense of creating a brand new China, which is prosperous, strong and democratic.
　　In order to attain this goal, Dr. Sun realized that he need a new package of doctrines, which including ideology, strategies and the way to convince people, rather than just copied the western experiences.
　　Firstly, he proposed a moderate version of nationalism which incorporates all ethnic groups within China, and served the need of a modern multinational state.
　　Secondly, he tried to attain the goal of socialism by means of capitalist strategies, similar to that of Fabianism.
　　Thirdly, as to the form of government, he insisted on constitutional democracy and people sovereignty, and opposed the idea of democratic dictatorship. He tried to find a third way which beyond the traditional controversies between capitalism and communism.
　　Most of all, as a disciple of Confucianism, Dr. Sun knew that the only way to earn people's respect is by moral conscious rather than political skills. What he really concerned is a country well-developed in every aspect, not only Westernization or Modernization.