違憲審查制度面對全球憲政主義之挑戰與因應
本館出版品
違憲審查制度面對全球憲政主義之挑戰與因應
Judicial Review System Face the Global Constitutionalism Challenge and Response
孫學研究
1996-265-7
半年刊
2010/11/12
第09期
P059-088
違憲審查制度不論在「公法學」(憲法與行政法)及「政治學領域」中,都是極為重要的概念。但是這樣的一個政府體制或法律制度的架構下,原則上都是一種「在地化」、「國內法」的思考方向。在無法忽略的全球化(globalization)與全球競爭(global competition)的議題至今已成為無從避免及不可逆轉的趨勢。向來違憲審查制度這樣的單純在地化思考就會面臨考驗。
就探討「憲政主義」融合「全球化」這樣的議題,必然會涉及到憲政主義的原始意義「限制國家權力」、「權力分立」與「人權保障」三個概念。將之提升到全球憲政主義對於違憲審查的影響,勢必就會面臨到「主權挑戰」、「行政權極度擴大而導致平行分權失衡」、「中央與地方垂直分權的界限模糊化」以及「如何審慎揉合國際情勢與國際人權至國內人權清單」之相關議題。
本文認為這四個來自全球憲政主義的挑戰,首先違憲審查者在尊重國際條約的前提下其權限不應受影響;其次為了防止平行間權力分立的失衡,違憲審查者在維護自由民主憲政秩序及持續性的憲法對話前提下,可妥適回應全球憲政主義的挑戰;同時建議違憲審查者未來面對居民的判定應考量「全球在地化」因素;最後為了要讓人民有提起救濟的機會,違憲審查者應將國際人權融入國內人權中。
Judicial review system in constitutional and administrative law and political science. Is very important. But government or law system, principle think "local" and "domestic law". Now can't avoid the Issues of globalization and global competition.
Discussion of "Constitutionalism" fusion "Globalization" issues, will be involve original meaning of constitutionalism three concepts "limit state power", "separrtion of powers" and "human rights protection". Global constitution principle influence of the Judicial review, will face the issues of the "Sovereign Challenge", "Executive power expansion to lead to parallel the separation of powers imbalance", "The limit of center and decentralization is unclear", "How to integrate the international situation and international human rights to domestic human rights list".
Four from this challenge of global constitutionalism, first the grand justice Competence should not be affected in the premise of respect of international treaties. Second, to prevent the separation of powers between parallel imbalance, in the premis of the grand justice to keep free democratic constitutional order and continues constitutional connect. Can respond to the challenges of global constitutionalism; the grand justices face to resident decide should bo considered "glocalization"factor in the future. Finally , for people have the chance to proposes the relief. The grand justices should be integrated into domestic human rights in international human rights.
國立國父紀念館
臺北市
GPN:2009503228