從當代中國經濟發展論孫中山利用外資之主張

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題名(英): From Economic Development of Modern China Essay to Analyse Sun Yat-sen's Utilization of Foreign Direct Investment Proposition

關鍵詞(英): Sun Yat-sen 、 Open-Door Proposal 、 Economic Development of China 、 Multinational Enterprises 、 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

全文內容: 　　孫中山是中國現代化的主要啟蒙者，其建國理念與藍圖，對中國的發展影響極為深遠。孫中山的經濟思想與主張，結合東西方學說之精華。隨著時空的變化，今日我們須對其思想的內涵賦予新的詮釋。孫中山主張「開放主義」，強調《實業計劃》是發展中國的一部宏偉藍圖，其中有關引進外國資金、技術與人才，更是主要策略。而隨著國際市場的拓展與分工，外人直接投資（FDI）已成為推動經濟全球化和各國經濟發展的重要力量。中國大陸自從實施經濟改革開放後，伴隨外商而來的大量資金與技術，對中國經濟的影響，已成為備受矚目的課題。本文根據1998-2013年間的經濟數據，建立一個包含人力資本累積、國內研發投入與跨國企業所帶來的技術設備存量。研究發現中國之人力資本、研發投資、資本累積皆有增長，對經濟發展有重大貢獻。從理論發展和歷史事實檢視，皆證明孫中山主張開放主義與利用外資之遠見，對當代中國經濟發展有正向與積極的啟示作用。

全文內容: 　　Sun Yat-sen is the main torchbearer of Chinese modernization, and his beliefs and blue print to build a country have significantly influenced China. In order to encourage the international resources to develop China, Sun Yat-sen proposed The International Development of China. His “Open-Door Proposal” was the omnibearing and multi-dimensional liberation. It emphasized the absorption of the advanced thoughts, culture, science, technique, capital and talents from the world, and persisted in the balance between “Open-Door Proposal” and “sovereignty”. Since the implementation of economic reform, China has significantly introduced the investment of international enterprises in order to advance economic development by capital and technologies from foreign enterprises. According to economic figures of China from 1998 to 2013, this study analyzed the trend of foreign direct investment (FDI), and established the growth model including the accumulation of manpower capital, domestic R&D investment and capital accumulation of multinational enterprises. According to research findings, human capital, domestic R&D investment, capital accumulation, and FDI have grown in the economy of China, and they significantly influence the economic growth. Both theoretical development and historic facts prove that Sun Yat-sen has international perspective and vision, which demonstrates great impact on the later generations.