「奴隸地位」和「半獨立國」：孫中山對中國「國際地位」的論述

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Title(EN): Dr. Sun Yet-sen's Discourses of China's Position in the Family of Nations

Keyword(EN): Sun Yet-sen 、 China's position in the family of nations 、 the slave of Manchu government and the imperialists 、 half-independent country 、 nationalism

Abstract: 　　本文從時代思潮的整體脈絡，比較細膩地處理孫中山對於中國「國際地位」係處於「奴隸地位」和「半獨立國」之地位的論述，藉以析論孫中山如何透過中國「國際地位」的闡述，開展「民族主義」（nationalism）論述，建構革命理論。本文論證，孫中山最初以中國國族處於「雙重奴隸」的地位進行表述，以做為「排滿」革命的理據，隨後未再延續這等述說，轉而開展中國是「半獨立國」的簇新述說，稍後則又重拾中國國族陷於「奴隸地位」的論斷。由是可見，孫中山營構的「民族主義」論述的主題，前後變遷移易，應該從歷史變遷的角度進行觀察和討論。透過對於相關課題原來歷史場景的述說，本文並對「孫中山研究」的開展方向，提出進一步的反省思考，強調應該置諸原來的歷史和思想的整體脈絡裡進行探索，進而對於我們開啟歷史知識的生產活動的反思，拓展更為廣闊的空間。

Abstract: 　　This paper examines Dr. Sun Yet-sen's discourse of China's position in the family of nations from the context of the intellectual atmosphere of modern China. Sun first described Chinese as both the slave of Manchu government and the imperialists in 1907, then he thought China as a "half-independent country" in 1919, and he returned his theory of Chinese as the slave of the imperialists in 1923. Although Sun formulated different discourses, his basic concern was how to promote the nationalism of his fellow countrymen and support his revolution. The author also proposes that our studies of Sun Yet-sen's theory of nationalism should take the approach of "ideas in context," so we can get more fresh ideas about it.