我國當前憲政改革的挑戰：孫中山思想的觀點

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題名(英): The Challenge of Current Constitutional Reform in Taiwan:In the Perspective of Sun Yat-sen’s Thought

關鍵詞(英): Sun Yat-sen 、 liberal democracy 、 political decay 、 ungovernability 、 constitutional reform

全文內容: 　　本文從國家發展比較研究的途徑，說明21世紀以來自由民主出現的缺失和遭遇的批評，藉以檢視我國當前憲政體制運行的困境，並嘗試依孫中山思想所蘊含的洞見，探討當前推動憲政改革應有的思考。作者認為，孫中山的憲政思想中，權能區分的原理、直接民權與全民政治的主張、以及五權憲法的制度安排，與Francis Fukuyama以強有力的政府、遵循法治、和建立問責機制，作為優質民主支撐要素的論點，彼此之間有著若合符節與相互啟發之處，值得作為我們當前推動憲政改革的參考。在制度安排的選擇上，作者主張採行內閣制，但維持監察權和考試權的獨立運作。

全文內容: 　　This article illustrates the deficiencies and criticisms of liberal democracy emerging in the 21th century by the approach of comparative study of national
development. Based on the illustration, the author xamines the predicament of current constitutional system in Taiwan and offers reform suggestions according to the insights in Sun Yat-sen’s thought. The author argues that the theories of separation of political power and dministrative power, direct democracy, and government by all the people, as well as the institutional arrangement of the Five-Power Constitution in Sun Yat-sen’s thought, are congruent with Francis Fukuyama’s argument that effective state, rule of law, and accountability are the elements of good governance and the key of success of democracy. Their views can be inspired with each other and adopted as the reference of implementing constitutional reform in Taiwan. In terms of institutional arrangement, the author advocates cabinet system and the maintenance of independent operation of
impeachment power and examination power.