以聯邦制解決中國統一的問題：兼評孫中山的主張及其解決之道

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題名(英): Resolving the Problem of Unification of China by Federalist Political System: A Survey of Dr. Sun Yat Sen' Advocate to Unification of China

關鍵詞(英): One Unified China 、 One China Three Constitution 、 State Global Theory 、 Federalist Political System

全文內容: 　　自十九世紀末清朝政府將臺灣割讓給日本後，臺灣與大陸即開始了漫長的分離歷史。一九四五－四九年臺灣與大陸曾短暫的統一，但隨之是更長久的分離。一九四九年的分離，隨著當時的國際政治格局而被確定下來。在臺灣、大陸分裂的初期，雙方的政府領導人都堅持中國必須統一，臺灣與大陸都是「中國」的領土，不過事實上，隔著臺灣海峽的兩方面都只能爭在口頭上，對於實際上兩個「中國」的狀況無能為力。二十世紀末，隨著大陸的改革開放，臺灣的解除戒嚴，及國際局勢的和緩，「中國統一」又成為所有中國人關心的議題。對於中國統一的模式，自民初以來，各界關心國事者，曾先後提出許多不同的觀點。其中最重要的一種主張，就是聯邦制，不但孫中山主張，早期共產黨也是支持這個主張。晚近討論最熱烈的則有張亞中的「一中三憲」，及劉國深的「國家球體理論」，不論是張亞中或是劉國深的主張，從近代的國家學說的角度，都沒說出國家形式的問題。吾人以為，孫中山先生主張的聯邦制、均權制，是值得追求的統一模式。

全文內容: 　　After Ching Dynasty giving up Taiwan to Japan in the end of 19th century, Taiwan and Mainland China had been in a state of separation except a very short period of unification during 1945 to 1949. Due to factors of international politics After World War II, , the separation of Taiwan and Maintain China has been maintained from 1949 till now In the 1950s and 1960s, Taiwan and Mainland China insisted One Unified China principle; both Taiwan and Mainland China are part of One Unified China. However, the real fact is there are 2 Chinas in the world; one unified China is just a slogan. In the end of 20th century, Mainland China adopted reform and open door policy. Taiwan lifted martial law, and international confrontation between super powers lessened. A unified China again becomes a popular issue, and several different theories of One Unified China appear in the academic journals. This paper surveys several theories of One Unified China, such as Federalist Political System (claimed by Dr Sun Yat Sen and early Chinese Communists), One China Three Constitutions (by Chang Ya Chun), State Global Theory (by Liu Guo Shen). After in-depth analysis, this paper concludes Federalist Political System is the most valuable mode of One Unified China.