以孫中山的鐵路觀檢視臺灣鐵路事業拓展實踐及問題

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題名(英): The Implementation and Issueswith Taiwan’s Railways Examined through Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Perspective on Railways

關鍵詞(英): Yang He-Ling, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Four Bandits, Cantonese nationals from Hong Kong and Macau

全文內容: 帶有西方列強資本主義勢力擴張色彩的十八、九世紀鐵路，在洋務運動以後搖身成為中國圖謀國富民強的工具。在孫中山締造民國以後，更以全般視野規劃起中國鐵路建設的大計畫。本文以歷史文獻分析法梳理出孫中山基於維繫國家生存與國防需要，以鐵路事業的經營與發展來落實其民生主義理念與國家領土主權完整的理想。對於鐵路事業投資方式，孫中山主張引資批辦包修，並授予特許期間經營權，期滿則收歸公有。形同如當今民間參與公共建設的BOT、民間融資提案等。對於鐵路企業運轉模式，他則將之視為發達國家資本為全體國民創富的公營型態。
1949年以後臺灣鐵路事業的拓展，係屬民生主義計劃經濟政策的一部分。臺灣鐵路事業拓展迄今已完成產業暨軍用支線、環島鐵路系統、西部城際高速鐵路、以及主要都會區捷運軌道系統。在築路投資模式上，則有引用外資、民間參與公共建設BOT等模式推動。在營運型態上，則本於孫中山理念以公營為原則運轉。惟臺灣鐵路拓展引資以及公營體制運轉過程，難免產生問題。這些問題實則出自於執行面的失慮，而非孫中山理念的偏誤。公營體制運轉所造成的缺漏，現正以公司化方式調整修正。

全文內容: The Cuiheng Yang family employed various methodologies, including the reconstruction of familial history, the compilation of genealogical records, and the establishment of ancestral halls, to validate the ethnic group’s legitimacy and imbue the family’s historical narrative with traditional cultural elements. Following their accumulation of wealth during the Opium War, they donated money in return for official titles, thereby seeking national and official acknowledgment. Subsequently, their social status was elevated due to the influence of the Macao factor. The ascent of the Cuiheng Yang lineage serves as a prototypical illustration of social mobility within the clan groups residing along the coastal region of Guangdong. By examining the interactions between Yang He-Ling, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and people from Hong Kong and Macao, it is possible to gain insight into the perspectives of the Guangdong population regarding Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s “rise in rebellion” statements and their reactions to societal transformations.