詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

從中山先生教育機會均等主張評論「十二年國教」後期的公平正義性

題名(英)

A Discussion on the Justice of “12-Year Basic Education” in its Late Stages from the Perspective of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Thoughts of Equality of Educational Opportunities

作者

李孔智

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2659

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2018/11/12

卷期

第25期

頁次

p.99-126

關鍵詞

教育機會均等 、 孫中山思想 、 十二年國教 、 公平正義

關鍵詞(英)

equality of educational opportunities 、 Dr. Sun Yat-sen's thoughts 、 12-year Basic Education 、 justice

全文內容

教育為立國之根本，其成敗攸關國家之盛衰，中山先生明瞭重視教育是培養人才與建設國家的根本大計，也提出了與教育機會均等相關的主張，包括：人人都能讀書的普及教育、無論富貴貧賤生而平等的全民教育、重視個別差異的選擇性國民權利、國家教之養之的公費促學制、真平等的適性揚才教育等。既要求教育起點的均等，每個人在立足點上都具有相等的機會接受基本的教育量，並且此教育機會具有共同性與強迫性，也要求教育過程的均等，教育資源的分配，應有一定水準與平衡，確保學生都能公平享有，並積極地提供彌補缺陷的機會，還要求適性教育的選擇，每個人均能有充分機會選擇因才施教與人才導向的適性教育，發揮自我潛能，但是不強調教育結果的均等，聰明才智與勤奮努力的不同，會有不同的教育成就。這些觀念大致符合了西方哲學對公平正義的看法。將這些主張與看法來檢視十二年國教的後期階段（延長三年年限），在教育機會均等的實踐上，我們發現必須優先於拉近城鄉差距、彌補弱勢缺陷、均衡資源使用，十二年國教才稱得上公平正義！

全文內容

Education forms the very foundation of a country; it determines whether the country will thrive or not. Dr. Sun Yat-sen knew clearly that emphasis on education was essential for fostering talents and building a nation. He also proposed many ideas revolving around equal educational opportunities, including universal education accessible by everyone, equal education for all regardless of wealth and status, selective national rights that emphasize individuality, national aid for education and care, personalized learning that embodies true equality, and so forth. Dr. Sun advocated for not only equality at the start of education that would enable everyone to have the same opportunity to receive undifferentiated and compulsory basic education, but also equality in the process of education. This meant that the distribution of educational resources should be of a certain standard and carefully balanced to ensure that students would all have their due share and opportunities should readily available to supplement weaknesses. He also argued for the option of adaptative learning and that everyone should have adequate access to individualized, talent-oriented education to unleash their potential. However, Dr. Sun did not emphasize equal educational results, for different levels of intelligence and diligence can lead to different educational achievements. Overall, these ideas are in line with the perception of justice in Western philosophy. According to these beliefs and ideas, we have examined the implementation of the 12-year Basic Education program in its late stage and found that we must narrow the gaps between urban and rural districts, compensate for weaknesses and deficiencies and promote equal use of resources. Only then will 12-year Basic Education be truly fair and just!

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：西元2018年2月26日；接受刊登日：西元2018年5月2日。