詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

「革命」的轉譯研究 以孫中山與澀澤榮一為例

題名(英)

A Study on the Translation of “Revolution”
Examples from Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Shibusawa Eiichi

作者

謝嘉文、大鋸智

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2024/05/16

卷期

第36期

頁次

p.115-147

關鍵詞

革命、轉譯、孫中山、澀澤榮一

關鍵詞(英)

revolution, translation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Shibusawa Eiichi

全文內容

「革命」一詞，在中國古語指涉王者順乎天而應乎人，身為「王者」要符合自然之天命，並獲得人民支持擁護，以合法取得政權轉移的過程。因此，不論是否涉及武力，舉凡商湯伐桀、武王伐紂，皆是政治上的汰舊換新。然而，十九世紀中葉以來，因中國易姓的革命思想與日本萬世一系的天皇觀，導致「革命」二字，經由中國輸入日本，形成「????」的音讀，在轉譯中產生了微妙的變化，當時中日兩國使用「革命」的語境與闡釋的意義，有著不同的認識。

全文內容

In ancient Chinese, the term “revolution” refers to a ruler who follows both the will of the heavens and the will of the people—one who becomes a “ruler’ in accordance with the mandate of heaven, has the support of the people, and legitimately assumes power. Regardless of whether force is used, whether it’s King Tang of Shang rising up against the Xia Dynasty or King Wu of Zhou overthrowing tyrant Zhou of Shang, in every case, a new political regime is replacing the old one. In the middle of the nineteenth century, due to China’s revolutionary idea of having different family names and Japan’s concept of all emperors descending from the same clan, the term “revolution” was introduced to Japan from China, where it was pronounced kakumei. The translation brought about subtle changes. At the time, the context and interpretation of “revolution” in China and Japan represented distinct understandings and significance.
In light of this, this paper investigates the representative figures of the time. Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925) referred to the revolution he started as a “rebellion,” “uprising,” and “restoration,” believing that “revolution” meant “restoration,” “transformation,” and “a constructive plan.” Conversely, Shibusawa Eiichi (1840–1931) referred to reverence for the emperor and the overthrow of the shogunate as “revolution” and advocated for the people to overthrow the shogunate and carry out “reform” under the emperor’s leadership, believing that “revolution” was equivalent to “restoration” and coining the term “restoration revolution.” He continued to promote Japan’s industrial organizations, economic society, educational morality, philosophical thinking, and other aspects. “Revolution” implies “reform,” hence the terms “spiritual revolution,” “social life revolution,” etc. He planned to spread the word about the New Life Movement and put it into practice.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：民國113年1月21日；接受刊登日：113年4月30日