詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

從民權主義看中國特色社會主義民主

題名(英)

Examining China’s Unique Social Democracy through the Lens of Sun Yat-sen’s Democratic Principles

作者

李柏誼、呂委弦

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2026-05-16

卷期

第40期

頁次

p.111-140

關鍵詞

社會主義民主、一黨專政、民權主義、主權在民

關鍵詞(英)

one-party state, popular sovereignty, principle of democracy, social democracy

全文內容

中共改革開放後，鄧小平以「政左經右」的道路進行社會主義的四個現代化建設。但如同馬列主義所言，經濟基礎決定上層建築之面貌，隨著中共的經濟多元化，社會的公民權益增長，中共勢必也須進行適度的政治改革。但中共對於其所推動政治改革，依然強調必須符合社會主義民主。本研究，將社會主義民主與孫中山所提倡之民權主義兩造之間進行比較，本文發現孫中山之民權主義，實乃民主政治之一環。民權主義重視直接民權、權能分立原則，同時，希望由民治達到民享，真正落實主權在民。反觀中共之社會主義民主，政黨高於政府與社會，人大代表缺乏民意基礎，再者，全國人大相比國民代表大會擁有之權力更大，但現實上卻受到共黨之制肘難有起色；另一方面，全國政協之協商民主，更是無法實現對政府的監督，故中共之民主與民權主義所秉持之理念，實有一大差距；在方法論上孫中山亦不認同先經濟後政治的唯物史觀。

全文內容

Following the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s Reform and Opening-up of China, Deng Xiaoping adopted the path of “politically left, economically right” to carry out the Four Modernizations of socialism. However, as stated in Marxism–Leninism, the economic base determines the overall character of the superstructure. As the CCP promoted economic diversification and citizens gained more civil rights, it was inevitable that the CCP would need to advance appropriate political reforms. However, the CCP’s push for political reform continued to emphasize adherence to the principles of social democracy. The present research compared social democracy to the principle of democracy advocated by Sun Yat-sen. As this paper reveals, Sun Yat-sen’s principle of democracy truly is an essential link in the chain of democratic politics. The principle of democracy emphasizes direct democracy and the separation of powers. At the same time, it aims to achieve governance for the people through government by the people, genuinely granting sovereignty to the people. In contrast, the CCP’s social democracy places the Party above the government and society. Election of deputies to the National People’s Conference has no foundation in the will of the people. Moreover, the National People’s Conference has more power than Taiwan’s National Assembly; but in practice, its hands are tied by the CCP, which stymies progress. On the other hand, the consultative democracy of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference is even less capable of supervising the government. Thus, there truly exists a large difference between democracy as practiced by the CCP and the philosophies upheld by the principle of democracy. In terms of methodology, Sun Yat-sen also did not agree with the historical materialist view that economics must precede politics.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：民國114年05月15日；接受刊登日：民國115年04月23日