詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

中國大陸「全國人大」的發展軌跡：從民權主義研究視角觀察

題名(英)

China's NPC Development Path： From the Research Perspective on Principle of Democracy

作者

梁式榮

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2016/05/16

卷期

第20期

頁次

p.121-155

關鍵詞

全國人大 、 民權主義 、 民主集中 、 權能區分 、 性善論

關鍵詞(英)

NPC 、 the principle of political rights 、 democratic centralism 、 The division of political rights and governing power 、 theory of original goodness of human nature

全文內容

　 大陸全國人大是最高政權機關，其演變動向、實踐過程，反映出大陸內部民主發展及治理效能，非但對當前國際社會深具影響，亦事關兩岸未來互動走向。孫中山民權主義思想與兩岸政治體制既具淵源又休戚相關，本文擬就孫中山民權思想為指標，觀察、對照中共建黨後運用「民主」與「集中」辯證關係在政治上的操作，及全國人大成立後的轉折變化。另外，從孫中山權能區分觀點就全國人大政治實踐中民主實踐及政府效能做一驗證。經過分析後發現，中共全國人大與五權分立制雖在體制及權力主體外貌有所不同，但源於中國傳統政治制度的「集權於一」的精神卻有諸多契合之處；且孫中山要求的分工合作的「萬能政府」，與大陸政府內部運作著重協調、溝通、妥協，亦與傳統儒家性善思想有所關聯。臺灣在移植「西方式民主」過程中逐漸形成「大社會」、「小政府」的政治型態；反之，中共以「多數服從少數」集權方式，形成「大政府」、「小社會」的政治型態，其間在個人權利意識差異下，造成兩岸認同差距愈形擴大。孫中山「權能區分」的理念，迄今仍是符合世界潮流及中國固有國情，未來如何能創造一個現代化的「強國家」、「強社會」目標，應是未來兩岸歷史要如何走下去必然的選擇。

全文內容

　 China's NPC is the highest organs of state power, the evolution of his movements, practice, reflecting the management effectiveness and internal development of democracy, not only have a deep impact on the current international community, but also to the future of interactive relationship between Taiwan and Mainland China. Sun Yat - sen's ideology and political system to cross-strait relations have a profound influence. This article try to point out Sun Yat- sen's thoughts, to look into "democratic centralism" of the dialectical relationship after the CPC founding, and the NPC change after the establishment of transition. In addition, to verify the democratic practices and government efficiency of the NPC. After analysis, although the system organization and "the subject of right" of NPC are different from "constitution of five powers "of Sun Yat – Sen in appearance , both of these system were originated from "centralization spirit" of traditional Chinese political system, Beside, Sun Yat-sen requires "omnipotent government" and the mainland government operations focus on coordination, communication, compromise, have been associated with traditional Confucian thought of goodness. Taiwan has been transplanting "Western-style democracy" political patterns; on the contrary, the CCP to "obey minority rule" authoritarian manner,both in the awareness of their rights under individual differences, which expanding the gap of identification between the cross- Strait. “The Separation of Rights and Powers”of Sun Yat-sen concept, and now still keep up with the world trend and suitable for China. Therefore, how to create a modern " strong country ", "strong community " target, should be inevitable choice of cross-strait history in the future.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日:西元2015年6月20日;接受刊登日:2016年5月6日。