憲政主義的思想文化潛因：東、西憲法文化的辨析

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Title(EN): The Cultural Thinking behind Constitutionalism--An Analysis of Constitutional Culture in the East and the West

Keyword(EN): constitutionalism 、 common law 、 Puritanism 、 republicanism 、 Confucianism 、 revolutionism 、 the crisis of identification 、 liberalism 、 legalism

Abstract: 　　本文從比較文明的角度，審視近代西方憲政主義在二百多年的發展歷程，已形成普世的價值與運動。從「形式意義」而言，十八世紀的美國憲法，是因「革命運動」與「現實主義」的需要促使近代憲法誕生。大部分東、西國家憲法的生成也是如此，但印證憲政實施的良窳卻有天壤之別，原因何在？是本文研究之旨趣。
　　本文重點在於反思西方憲政主義成功的「實質意義」，在於其背後有一深遠的思想文化做根基，如普通法精神、清教主義、共和主義、自由主義等，而這些思想內涵是啟蒙不足的「當代中國」與「當代台灣」所欠缺的。兩岸依然被傳統儒、法思想、當代革命主義、認同危機，制約了憲政主義的正常發展。

Abstract: 　　This paper will do approach by means of comparative civilization. Constitutionalism has had a history of more than two hundred years, and it has become a value and movements shared by all of us. Back in the eighteenth century, constitution in America was a modern constitution drafted under the demand for revolution and realism pursuit. This is the formal background of framing constitutions in most of the countries throughout the east and west. However, the results of the practice of the constitutions vary considerably. It is the purpose of this essay to study why there have been different outcomes.
　　The essay focuses on the substantial meanings behind the success of western constitutionalism, which was grounded on profound cultural thinking, such as the spirit of common law, Puritanism, republicanism, and liberalism. They cannot, however, be found in China and Taiwan of the day. The development of constitutionalism has been constrained from traditional thinking such as Confucianism, contemporary revolutionism, and the crisis of identification.