詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

「以能文為萬能」？：論孫中山「強種保國」的當代啟示

題名(英)

Is Cultural Competence Omnipotent? – A Discussion of Contemporary Revelations from Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s “Protecting the Nation by Strengthening the Masses”

作者

謝嘉文

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-2657

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2021/05/16

卷期

第30期

頁次

p.81-110

關鍵詞

孫中山、能文、萬能、強種、保國、當代啟示

關鍵詞(英)

Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Cultural Competence, Omnipotent, Strengthening the Masses And Protecting the Country

全文內容

孫中山（1866-1925）曾表示，中國數千年來，以文為尚，始自帝王，下至平民，甚至是山賊海盜，人人皆樂於專注在撰述和寫作的學問之中；然而，這種「羨仰文藝」的現象，造成的缺失是「以能文為萬能」。換言之，因多數才俊之士潛心致力於文字撰作，卻忽視其他各種不同的技藝，導致中國國勢積弱不振，人民不能進步的嚴重後果。再者，他強調光會著述不夠，「能文」還得「善武」，因為唯有武力強盛的國家，才能使中國不致滅亡，並進於世界上一等的地位。光緒二十一年（1896）中國與日本簽訂「馬關條約」後，當時《時務報》轉載西方人稱中國為「東方之病夫」，對中國知識份子造成巨大的衝擊，致使孫中山多次提出「強種保國，強民自衛」，主張加強體育鍛鍊，強健體魄，並反覆告誡同志，如今身處競爭劇烈的時代，若不知尋求自衛之道，則不適於生存；因此，他重視修養體魄，積極提倡尚武精神，具體實踐方法就是習武。依此，帶領中國，從「亡國滅種」走入「強種保國」，試圖達到恢復民族精神的目的，這對當代人產生了深遠的影響。

全文內容

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) once said that China had been literature-based for thousands of years. From emperors to commoners and even bandits and pirates, everyone was focused on descriptive, written knowledge. However, his “admiration of cultural arts” led to the shortcoming of “treating cultural competence as omnipotent”. In other words, most talented scholars were so devoted to writing that they overlooked all other skills, resulting in the serious consequences of a weakened national strength for China as a whole, and the people’s failure to progress. Additionally, he stressed that literary/cultural competence alone is insufficient. “Cultural competence” (能文) must be complemented by “martial competence” (能武), as only being a nation with a strong military force will prevent China from being extinguished, and further enable it to take a leading position in the world. In the 21st year of the Guangxu emperor (i.e., 1896), following the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan, the newspaper Current Affairs reprinted westerners referring to China as the “sick man of East Asia”, which caused a huge impact on intellectuals in China at the time. This prompted Dr. Sun Yat-sen to repeatedly advocate “protecting the nation by strengthening the masses; strengthening the self-defense of the people”. He advocated reinforced physical training and staying fit, and repeatedly admonished comrades that in the era of intense competition, those that do not seek self-defense are not fit to survive. Therefore, he placed importance on physical training and actively promoted the martial spirit, with martial arts as its concrete practice. In view of this, he led China from “the nation lost and the race extinguished” to “protecting the nation by strengthening the masses”, in an attempt to restore the national spirit. This has had a profound influence on people in modern times.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：民國109年9月22日；接受刊登日：民國110年4月28日。