詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

新探孫中山思想對蔣渭水反抗殖民論述之啟發

題名(英)

A New Exploration of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Thought on Inspiring Chiang Wei-Shui’s Discussion on Anti-colonialism

作者

倪仲俊

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2023/11/12

卷期

第35期

頁次

p.55-75

關鍵詞

孫中山、蔣渭水、大亞洲主義、反殖民主義

關鍵詞(英)

nationalism, separation of powers, all-capable government, political meritocracy, liberalism, democratic decline

全文內容

本文循史學與孫學的雙重學術脈絡，以蔣渭水(1888-1931)的案例為切入點，就孫中山(1866-1925)的民族主義之於臺灣反日殖民運動發展的影響提出新的觀點與解釋。本文以為，除了鼓吹群眾武力達成殖民地解放的民族革命外，孫中山的反殖民主義論述最積極者，就是他的大亞洲主義，主張國際強國濟弱扶傾的王道政治，取代侵略性的殖民主義霸權。蔣渭水也同時對大亞細亞主義有過關心，俾假日華親善之名來呼籲日本人改善臺灣人的待遇。改善臺灣人待遇也就成為其從事民族運動的核心目標。而他帶有建構論式的民族想像，以及一次並舉民族、民權和民生主義革命的主張，都看得出孫中山學說的影子。

全文內容

The objective of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s nationalism was to achieve democratic politics, but the intriguing essence of his claims of “separation of powers” and “all-capable government” in his late-period thoughts on nationalism contrasts starkly with the spirit of limited government power proposed in Western democratic theory. In accordance with the doctrine of separation of powers, despite granting the government extensive powers (the government is capable), the ultimate political power rests with the people collectively (the people have the right). Regarding the design of this system, however, government officials and publicly elected representatives must be screened through examinations. This equates to using “examination rights” to restrict civil rights. According to Western democratic theory, this is essentially a “guardian system”, which contemporary scholars consider to be a form of political meritocracy. In general, liberals are critical of political meritocracy. However, this paper is circumspect regarding this criticism and aims to conduct a review instead. The democratic implementation of contemporary liberalism already reveals numerous issues (such as vetoing policies and extreme politics) and even demonstrates a phenomenon of decline. This paper argues that we should re-examine the value of “political meritocracy” and elitism, advocating for a hybrid regime of “elite-democracy”. The author believes that the liberal doctrine of “separation of powers” is precisely this type of political scheme. It can function as a reflection on the theoretical resources of democratic impulsion under contemporary liberalism and could possibly result in the creation of a new type of democratic system capable of correcting its deviations.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

投稿日：民國112年3月1日；接受刊登日：民國112年10月30日