詮釋資料說明

文件類型

本館出版品

題名

孫中山人權思想的憲制化：以監察院人權保障委員會為例

題名(英)

Constitutionalization of The Thought of Human Rights of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen: A Case Study on The Human Rights Protection Committee of the Control Yuan

作者

翁栢萱

期刊

孫學研究

ISSN

1996-265-7

出版頻率

半年刊

出版西元年月日

2013/05/16

卷期

第14期

頁次

P127-162

關鍵詞

孫中山 、 人權保障 、 監察院 、 巴黎原則

關鍵詞(英)

Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's 、 Protection of Human Rights 、 Control Yuan 、 Paris Principles

全文內容

　　孫中山先生思想體系博大精深，融合中西重要理論與思潮，一面以中華傳統文化為基礎，並擷取歷代優良的監察與考試之獨立精神，一面結合西方自由思想與民主制度之精華，運用睿智獨創三民主義與五權憲法。其學說理論涵蓋了國家建設發展各個層面，尤其對於人民權利之問題屢有論述。其目的在建立人民有權、政府有能的憲政體制，以實踐鞏固國權、保障人權的目標。而這些人權思想進一步透過立憲方式，明載在我國憲法本文及增修條文等章節中，藉以確立國家落實保障人權的責任。
　　隨著近代國際人權發展趨勢，聯合國大會1993年決議通過「巴黎原則」後，各國紛紛成立各類型國家人權機構。臺灣在1996年正式被美國人權非政府組織「自由之家」（Freedom House）評定為自由民主國家後，人權發展蓬勃興起，各界亦倡議設置國家人權機構以接軌聯合國人權標準，監察院乃率先於2000年成立人權保障委員會，依據憲法賦予其獨立行使職權、監督政府施政之特性，推動人權保障工作，已然成為落實憲法基本人權的重要基礎。
　　孫中山先生思想體系中的人權思想，在我國憲法的人權體系脈絡，及監察院、司法院等獨立職權的運作經驗，大抵都可以找到高度的聯結性，進而彰顯其思想對臺灣人權發展的時代意義，並對促進我國與國際人權體系接軌產生重要影響，本文以孫中山先生人權思想為理論基礎，並依其實踐經驗提出人權保障機制的構想，以期符合國際人權發展趨勢，並逐步落實中山先生的人權思想。

全文內容

　　Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's profound political philosophy, a hybrid of China's imperial political culture and Western thoughts by adopting ancient Chinese control and examination system and Western freedom and parliamentary democracy, developed the Principles of Three People's and the Constitution of Republic of China to consolidate the power of the nation and ensure the rights of the people through establishing a constitutional government. Furthermore, the thoughts of human rights are recorded in the chapters of Preface, Rights and Obligation of People, Nation Policy of the Constitution to identify and implement the duties and goals in protecting human rights of the country.
　　According to the "Paris Principles" adopted by the UN General Assembly in its Resolution of 1993, human rights institutions have been formed in various types worldwide. The human rights were also showing a vigorous growth while Taiwan was recognized as a free and democratic country by the Freedom House, a nongovernmental human rights organizations in the USA. The people in parts of the country claimed to build up a national human rights institution in harmony with UN standards. In the year of 2000 the Control Yuan initially established the Human Rights Protection Committee for the purposes of advocating human rights and handling cases of alleged human rights violations, which obviously is the significant groundwork to protect human rights and fulfill the thoughts of human rights of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen.
　　From the human rights context of the Constitution and the experiences in independently exercising authority by either Control Yuan or Judicial Yuan, the link to the thoughts of human rights of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen could be found remarkably, and further the thoughts manifest its influence to Taiwan's human rights development. This article, based on Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's human rights theory, devises national human protection mechanisms in order to practise Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's human rights philosophy and progressively connect with the international human rights system as well.

出版者

國立國父紀念館

出版地

臺北市

備註

GPN:2009503228