本館出版品

中山先生監察權的理論與實際：從兩岸監察體制改革觀察

Sun Yat-sen 's Theory and Practice of Supervision：On the Reform of Cross-Strait Supervision System

孫學研究

19962657

半年刊

2017/05/16

第22期

P.085-118

　　2016年1月總統大選和立法院改選之新民意洗禮，堅持《台獨黨綱》的民進黨牢牢掌控立法院過半席次(總額113席／民進黨68席)，曾經訴求「廢除監察院和考試院」、「採行三權分立」的民進黨再度上台執政，未來監察院何去何從值得關注。於此同時，海峽對岸召開第十八屆中國共產黨中央紀律檢查委員會第六次全體會議，中共總書記習近平在會中強調：「要健全國家監察組織架構，形成全面覆蓋國家機關及其公務員的國家監察體系。」中國大陸開展的監察體制改革是否直接受到孫中山先生的影響，尚須更多資料的佐證，惟從習近平總書記於2016年11月11日在「紀念孫中山誕辰150周年大會」上高度評價孫中山先生的偉大歷史功績，深刻闡述了中山精神的核心內涵，在海內外引起熱議，從中或許可以窺知在中華大地上亟思改革，中山先生曾經的主張或擘劃仍具參考價值。
　　本文旨在探討中山先生監察權的理論與在台灣在發展過程中的實踐情況，與中共十八大六中全會以來強調深化監察體制改革的重點。首先，自歷史的研究途徑切入，究明中山先生主張監察權獨立的理由；其次，檢視憲改後我國監察權的運作所面臨的問題；第三，簡介目前中共中央深化監察體制改革試點的現況；第四，嘗試比較兩岸監察體制的異同處；最後，提出作者的觀察與研究的結論。
關鍵詞：監察權、審計權、監察制度、監察院、監察委員會

　　During the presidential election and the reelection of the Legislative Yuan of January 2016, a new public opinion was asserted. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which insisted on a "party programme of Taiwan independence", was in full control over more than half of the seats of the Legislative Yuan (total of 113 seats / 68 points for the DPP). Since the DPP, which once called for the “abolition of the Control Yuan and Examination Yuan” and “implementation of the trias politica principle”, had come to power again, the future of Control Yuan become worthy of attention. At the same time, on the other side of the strait, the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held their Sixth Plenary Session, where the Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “it is necessary to construct a National Supervision Organizational structure which will form a national supervision system that offers full coverage for national agencies civil servants”.
　　Whether mainland China’s launched supervision organizational reform was directly influenced by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, still requires more material evidence. It was only during the “Commemoration of the 150th Anniversary of Sun Yat-Sen’s birth” on November 11, 2016 that General Secretary Xi Jinping highly praised Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's great historical merit and elaborated profoundly on his mental core connotations, which incited great discussion both domestically and abroad. From this, it may be possible to glimpse the urgent reforms in China and that Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s past ideas or plans still hold reference value.
　　The purpose of this article is to discuss Dr. Sun Yat-sen 's theories of control power, the state of their implementation in the process of constitutional development in Taiwan, and the main points of the emphasis in the deepening of the reform of the supervision system since the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. First, the topic is approached using historical research to ascertain Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s reason for advocating the independence of control power. Next, problems concerning the operation of control power following the constitutional changes which our country must confront are inspected. Third, the present status of the Central Committee of the CCP deepening supervision organizational reform experiment site is summarized. Fourth, an attempt to compare the similarities and differences of supervision systems from both sides of the strait is made. Finally, the author's observations and research conclusions are proposed.

Keywords: control power, audit power, system of supervision, Control Yuan, supervision committee

國立國父紀念館

臺北市

投稿日：2016年1月7日；接受刊登日：2017年4月26日。