| 摘要(外文): | While drawing national boundaries and differentiate people from another, Nationalism is a belief that managing and manipulating national identity, as well as a force for group mobilization and a reference to resources allocation. As such, it is a belief exclusively for certain group of people aiming to form an independent nation. However, as a result of consecutive manipulation and education, the content of nationalism differs considerably between those opinion leaders or nation's forefathers. Some defines nationalism as an expression of single ethnic identity that paved a way to promote ethnocentric supremacy. This idea advocates that a state forming process should limited to one ethnic group and produces a nation-states, while other nationalists believe national identity should comprise variety of ethnic identities within the national boundary that leads to a building of state-nations.
This article compared the nation-building ideas between the founding father of modern China and Malaysia, Dr Sun Yat Sen and Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, in order to search a way coping with ethnic conflict problem by examining their attitudes toward national integration. The research suggests that in early stages, both Dr Sun and Tunku tend to promote a narrow form of nationalism exclusively for one ethnic group to provoke a sense of rebellion against other foreign ethnics that inhabiting in the country. However, after forming a new nation, their ideas had changed dramatically by accepting the nationality of ethnic minorities and recognized their rights respectively. In this case, they performed an idea of state-nation by abolishing the idea of national integration within a single ethnic, and embarked on a process of multiracial integration. This article also suggests that during the national integration process, Dr Sun prefer assimilating all the ethnics to a single nation while Tunku prefer to a relatively moderated way of integration through power sharing and cooperation among ethnics. Thus far, differences between the two statesmen's ideas have contributed to two different paths of national integration for their nation respectively.
|
|---|